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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T08:26:23Z","timestamp":1691396783715},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic order at room temperature induced by atomic lattice defects, like vacancies, interstitials, or their pairs, has been observed in a large number of different non-magnetic hosts, such as pure graphite, oxides, and silicon-based materials. High Curie temperatures and time-independent magnetic response at room temperature indicate the extraordinary robustness of this new phenomenon in solid-state magnetism. In this work, we review experimental and theoretical results of pure TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (anatase), whose magnetic order can be triggered by low-energy ion irradiation. In particular, we discuss the systematic observation of an ultrathin magnetic layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the surface of this oxide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2023.1124924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T06:23:22Z","timestamp":1675232602000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Defect-induced magnetism in TiO2: An example of quasi 2D magnetic order with perpendicular anisotropy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Stiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pablo D.","family":"Esquinazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01328601","article-title":"Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus","volume":"49","author":"Heisenberg","year":"1928","journal-title":"Z Phys"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035331","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.80.035331","article-title":"Defect-induced magnetic order in pure ZnO films","volume":"80","author":"Khalid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205306","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevb.84.205306","article-title":"Room-temperaturep-induced surface ferromagnetism: First-principles study","volume":"84","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"082406","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4913763","article-title":"Advances in methods to obtain and characterise room temperature magnetic ZnO","volume":"106","author":"Lorite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900623","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.201900623","article-title":"Defect-induced magnetism in nonmagnetic oxides: Basic principles, experimental evidence, and possible devices with ZnO and TiO2","volume":"257","author":"Esquinazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Status Solidi B"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073202","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/22\/7\/073202","article-title":"Magnetism of solids resulting from spin polarization of p orbitals","volume":"22","author":"Volnianska","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Phys Condens Matter"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200903891","article-title":"Dilute doping, defects, and ferromagnetism in metal oxide systems","volume":"22","author":"Ogale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"074211","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/22\/7\/074211","article-title":"The strange magnetism of oxides and carbons","volume":"22","author":"Stoneham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Phys C