uni-leipzig-open-access/json/journal.pone.0293439

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:37:06Z","timestamp":1703032626442},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMVI4-070601\/22-23"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strengthening the rotator cuff muscles is important for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Since muscle fascicle length improves motor performance and is suggested to reduce the risk of injury for the hamstring, it may be an important variable to promote multidirectional changes in the function and macroscopic structure for the shoulder. Recent literature reviews overwhelmingly suggest that eccentric exercises improve fascicle length and functional measures for the lower limb. However, there is a research gap for the shoulder. Since ultrasound imaging is the most commonly used imaging technique to quantify muscle structure, but has yielded heterogeneous results in different studies, there is another issue and a research gap for the imaging method. Based on the research gaps, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of standardized eccentric strength training on the function and structure of the external rotator cuff muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer and MRI. Therefore, a preliminary pre-post intervention study was conducted and 16 physically active men were recruited in October 2021. For the right shoulder, an eccentric isokinetic training was performed twice a week for almost six weeks. The primary outcome measures (external rotators) were active and passive range of motion, eccentric and concentric torque at 30, 60, and 180\u00b0\/s isokinetic speed, and fascicle length and fascicle volume for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The findings show a training effect for the absolute mean values of eccentric strength (+24%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .008). The torque-angle relationship increased, especially in the final phase of range of motion, although a 4% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002) decrease in passive range of motion was found in the stretch test. Positive changes in muscle structure were shown for the supraspinatus muscle fascicle length (+16%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .003) and fascicle volume (+19%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002). Based on the study results, we can conclude that eccentric isokinetic training has a significant positive effect on the shoulder. To our knowledge, this is the first eccentric training study using both isokinetic dynamometer and muscle diffusion tensor imaging to access functional and structural changes in the human shoulder rotator cuff muscles. The methods were shown to be applicable for interventional studies. Based on these results, populations such as high-performance handball players with highly trained shoulders should be included in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T18:28:25Z","timestamp":1703010505000},"page":"e0293439","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of isokinetic eccentric training on the human shoulder strength, flexibility, and muscle architecture in physically active men: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0559-9599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Vetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Hepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schleichardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schleifenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-7785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maren","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6080-9993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-2175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293439.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.605390","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and consultation rates of shoulder complaints in general practice","volume":"41","author":"K Greving","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293439.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310004667","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"JJ Luime","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"78","key":"pone.0293439.ref003","article-title":"Risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports: an updated systematic review","volume":"9","author":"MW Hoppe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293439.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120931764","article-title":"Risk Factors of Overuse Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"C Tooth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293439.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05493-4","article-title":"Decreased external rotation strength is a risk factor for overuse shoulder injury in youth elite handball athletes","volume":"28","author":"L Achenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0293439.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100698","article-title":"Preseason shoulder range of motion screening and in-season risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"F Pozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0293439.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093702","article-title":"Reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis are risk factors for shoulder injuries among elite male handball players: a prospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"B Clarsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200006000-00014","article-title":"Fascicle length of leg muscles is greater in sprinters than distance runners","volume":"32","author":"T Abe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.3.811","article-title":"Sprint performance is related to muscle fascicle length in male 100-m sprinters","volume":"88","author":"K Kumagai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293439.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00114.2022","article-title":"The influence of longitudinal muscle fascicle growth on mechanical function","volume":"133","author":"A Hinks","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0293439.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095362","article-title":"Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study.","volume":"50","author":"RG Timmins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293439.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-013-2141-x","article-title":"Akutverletzungen und \u00dcberlastungssch\u00e4den der Schulter im Sport","volume":"43","author":"R Doyscher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293439.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1025037","article-title":"An epidemiologic and traumatologic study of injuries in handball","volume":"9","author":"AB Nielsen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"pone.0293439.ref014","first-page":"129","article-title":"Epidemiology and injury prevention in handball","volume":"34","author":"L Achenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref015","first-page":"27","article-title":"Load quantification on the muscle-ligament apparatus in the javelin thrower\u2019s shoulder","volume":"17","author":"HP K\u00f6hler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obere Extrem"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293439.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031593","article-title":"The Effects of Resistance Training on Architecture and Volume of the Upper Extremity Muscles: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials and Meta-Analyses","volume":"12","author":"G Yagiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293439.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001270","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001270","article-title":"Multicomponent stretching and rubber band strengthening exercises do not reduce overuse shoulder injuries: A cluster randomised controlled trial with 579 handball athletes","volume":"8","author":"L Achenbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293439.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31815f5634","article-title":"Effects of a shoulder injury prevention strength training program on eccentric external rotator muscle strength and glenohumeral joint imbalance in female overhead activity athletes","volume":"22","author":"Y Niederbracht","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293439.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000117134.83018.F7","article-title":"The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"36","author":"SB Thacker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0293439.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0259821","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259821","article-title":"Heterogeneous effects of eccentric training and nordic hamstring exercise on the biceps femoris fascicle length based on ultrasound assessment and extrapolation methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta-analyses","volume":"16","author":"G Yagiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0293439.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090835","article-title":"The effects of eccentric training on lower limb flexibility: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"K O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01178-7","article-title":"The Effect of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Intervention Volume on Eccentric Strength and Muscle Architecture Adaptations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses","volume":"50","author":"M Cuthbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293439.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181d496eb","article-title":"Eccentric Exercise In Vivo: Strain-Induced Muscle Damage and Adaptation in a Stable System","volume":"38","author":"TA Butterfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00447","article-title":"Skeletal muscle remodeling in response to eccentric vs. concentric loading: Morphological, molecular, and metabolic adaptations","volume":"8","author":"M V. Franchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515574057","article-title":"The Preventive Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injuries in Amateur Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"43","author":"N Van Der Horst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0293439.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511419277","article-title":"Preventive effect of eccentric training on acute hamstring injuries in Men\u2019s soccer: A cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"J Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293439.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00634.x","article-title":"Prevention of hamstring strains in elite soccer: an intervention study","volume":"18","author":"A Arnason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873370","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.873370","article-title":"The Effects of Eccentric Strength Training on Flexibility and Strength in Healthy Samples and Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"S Vetter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293439.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i5.634","article-title":"Eccentric training as a new approach for rotator cuff tendinopathy: Review and perspectives","volume":"5","author":"PR Camargo","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293439.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0020","article-title":"Effectiveness of a home-based eccentric-exercise program on the torque-angle relationship of the shoulder external rotators: A pilot study","volume":"26","author":"TL Uhl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0293439.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4223-x","article-title":"Eccentric versus conventional exercise therapy in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomized, single blinded, clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"B Dejaco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293439.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.09.018","article-title":"Changes in infraspinatus cross-sectional area and shoulder range of motion with repetitive eccentric external rotator contraction","volume":"26","author":"S Oyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0293439.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20171121","article-title":"Shoulder external rotator eccentric training versus general shoulder exercise for subacromial pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"EJ Chaconas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293439.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.05.007","article-title":"Investigation of supraspinatus muscle architecture following concentric and eccentric training","volume":"18","author":"SY Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2217\/iim.11.60","article-title":"Diffusion-tensor MRI-based skeletal muscle fiber tracking","volume":"3","author":"BM Damon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Imaging Med"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00031","article-title":"A hitchhiker\u2019s guide to diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"7","author":"JM Soares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293439.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14283","article-title":"Effect of two eccentric hamstring exercises on muscle architectural characteristics assessed with diffusion tensor MRI","volume":"33","author":"JJM Suskens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref038","article-title":"Dataset_preliminary experimental study: Effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle architecture","author":"S. Vetter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Figshare Dataset"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0293439.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13770","article-title":"Effects of eccentric training at long-muscle length on architectural and functional characteristics of the hamstrings","volume":"30","author":"J Maru\u0161i\u010d","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0238-1","article-title":"New fundamental resistance exercise determinants of molecular and cellular muscle adaptations","volume":"97","author":"M Toigo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293439.ref041","first-page":"338","article-title":"The Application of Isokinetics in Testing and Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Complex","volume":"35","author":"TS Ellenbecker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293439.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2010.01005.x","article-title":"Isokinetic assessment of the shoulder rotators: a study of optimal test position","volume":"31","author":"B Forthomme","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293439.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2019.01.007","article-title":"Physiological adaptations in the dominant and non-dominant shoulder in male competitive junior volleyball players","volume":"35","author":"A Schleichardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293439.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2010.527837","article-title":"One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping in Python","volume":"15","author":"TC Pataky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0293439.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0423","article-title":"Swing phase mechanics of maximal velocity sprints\u2013Does isokinetic lower-limb muscle strength matter?","volume":"16","author":"T Alt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.05.002","article-title":"Isokinetic dynamometry applied to shoulder rotators\u2013Velocity limitations in eccentric evaluations","volume":"14","author":"GG Zanca","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0293439.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0286280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286280","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging: Influence of segmentation on fiber tracking in the supraspinatus muscle\u2013An inter-operator reliability analysis","volume":"18","author":"S Vetter","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293439.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00578.2007","article-title":"Influence of concentric and eccentric resistance training on architectural adaptation in human quadriceps muscles","volume":"103","author":"AJ Blazevich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293439.ref049","first-page":"190","article-title":"May eccentric training be effective in the conservative treatment of chronic supraspinatus tendinopathies? A review of the current literature","volume":"24","author":"JF Zandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293439.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.10.001","article-title":"Does eccentric exercise stimulate sarcomerogenesis?","volume":"11","author":"W Herzog","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293439.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-005-1503-6","article-title":"The magnitude of muscle strain does not influence serial sarcomere number adaptations following eccentric exercise","volume":"451","author":"TA Butterfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0293439.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411916656022","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of human multifidus muscle stiffness using ultrasound shear wave elastography: A feasibility study","volume":"230","author":"B Moreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293439.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31826e7066","article-title":"Neuromuscular adaptations to isoload versus isokinetic eccentric resistance training","volume":"45","author":"G Guilhem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0980-7","article-title":"Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement","volume":"105","author":"TG Potier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01430.2011","article-title":"Reliability and validity of ultrasound measurements of muscle fascicle length and pennation in humans: a systematic review","volume":"114","author":"LK Kwah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20469","article-title":"Three-dimensional study of the musculotendinous architecture of supraspinatus and its functional correlations","volume":"20","author":"SY Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref057","first-page":"157","article-title":"Rotator cuff muscle architecture: Implications for glenohumeral stability","volume":"448","author":"SR Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"pone.0293439.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00340","article-title":"Hamstring architectural and functional adaptations following long vs. short muscle length eccentric training","volume":"7","author":"K Guex","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293439.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2018.03.006","article-title":"Eccentric training combined to neuromuscular electrical stimulation is not superior to eccentric training alone for quadriceps strengthening in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"CF Gomes da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0293439.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100250","article-title":"Contact-but not foul play-dominates injury mechanisms in men\u2019s professional handball: a video match analysis of 580 injuries","volume":"54","author":"P Luig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293439.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118773322","article-title":"Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Injuries A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"JE Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0293439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T18:29:01Z","timestamp":1703010541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0293439"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Esedullah","family":"Akaras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]}},"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0293439","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Multidisciplinary"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]}}}