1 line
31 KiB
Plaintext
1 line
31 KiB
Plaintext
{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T04:28:08Z","timestamp":1688099288511},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003516","name":"EveryCat Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W21-030"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnosis of feline chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) and the differentiation from small cell intestinal lymphoma (SCL) can be challenging. Intestinally expressed calprotectin (S100A8\/A9 protein complex) appears to be part of the complex pathogenesis of feline chronic enteropathies (FCE). Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive biomarker for intestinal inflammation in humans and dogs but has not yet been evaluated in cats. We hypothesized that fecal calprotectin (fCal) concentrations are increased in FCE, correlate with clinical and\/or histologic disease severity, and distinguish cases of CIE from SCL. This case\u2013control study included fecal samples and patient data from cats with CIE (n = 34), SCL (n = 17), other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (n = 16), and cats with no clinical signs of GI disease (n = 32). fCal concentrations were measured using the immunoturbidimetric fCal turbo assay (B\u00fchlmann Laboratories). Compared to healthy cats, fCal concentrations were significantly increased in CIE, SCL, and other diseases (all p < 0.0001), but were not different between these three groups (all p > 0.05), or between cats with extra-GI diseases and healthy controls. These findings suggest that fCal may have utility as a clinical biomarker for FCE but not for intestinal disease differentiation. It further supports the role of calprotectin in the pathogenesis of the spectrum of FCE, which includes CIE and SCL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T05:15:47Z","timestamp":1688015747000},"page":"419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fecal Calprotectin Concentrations in Cats with Chronic Enteropathies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise S.","family":"Riggers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9508-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis G.","family":"Xenoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}]},{"given":"Dimitra A.","family":"Karra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece"}]},{"given":"Lena L.","family":"Enderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"K\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Large Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8986-4873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denny","family":"B\u00f6ttcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Joerg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3485-5157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romy M.","family":"Heilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12451548","article-title":"Feline Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What We Know and What Remains to Be Unraveled","volume":"14","author":"Jergens","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00054-8","article-title":"Feline Gastrointestinal Lymphoma","volume":"33","author":"Richter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0443.x","article-title":"Endoscopic, Biopsy, and Histopathologic Guidelines for the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Companion Animals","volume":"24","author":"Washabau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.2741\/e470","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"4","author":"Jergens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0549.x","article-title":"A Clinical Index for Disease Activity in Cats with Chronic Enteropathy","volume":"24","author":"Jergens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.09.009","article-title":"Differentiating Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Alimentary Lymphoma in Cats: Does It Matter?","volume":"51","author":"Marsilio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50032-6","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Albert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923013","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.923013","article-title":"Canine Chronic Enteropathy-Current State-of-the-Art and Emerging Concepts","volume":"9","author":"Jergens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.02.014","article-title":"Characterization of Feline T Cell Receptor Gamma (TCRG) Variable Region Genes for the Molecular Diagnosis of Feline Intestinal T Cell Lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811404712","article-title":"Feline Gastrointestinal Lymphoma: Mucosal Architecture, Immunophenotype, and Molecular Clonality","volume":"49","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13332","article-title":"Feline Chronic Enteropathy","volume":"62","author":"Marsilio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12439266","article-title":"Feline Alimentary Lymphoma: 2. Further Diagnostics, Therapy and Prognosis","volume":"14","author":"Barrs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.05.021","article-title":"Low-Grade Alimentary Lymphoma: Clinicopathological Findings and Response to Treatment in 17 Cases","volume":"11","author":"Lingard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.3.405","article-title":"Outcome of Cats with Low-Grade Lymphocytic Lymphoma: 41 Cases (1995\u20132005)","volume":"232","author":"Kiselow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55691-w","article-title":"Characterization of the Fecal Microbiome in Cats with Inflammatory Bowel Disease or Alimentary Small Cell Lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Marsilio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.6.629","article-title":"Prevalence and Underlying Causes of Histologic Abnormalities in Cats Suspected to Have Chronic Small Bowel Disease: 300 Cases (2008\u20132013)","volume":"247","author":"Norsworthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.09.019","article-title":"Evaluation of Fecal A1-Proteinase Inhibitor Concentrations in Cats with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cats with Gastrointestinal Neoplasia","volume":"196","author":"Burke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.05.004","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Alimentary Lymphomas and Severe Intestinal Inflammation in Cats","volume":"133","author":"Waly","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.01.005","article-title":"Cobalamin, Folate and Inorganic Phosphate Abnormalities in Ill Cats","volume":"9","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riggers, D.S., Gurtner, C., Protschka, M., B\u00f6ttcher, D., Von Bomhard, W., Alber, G., Winter, K., Steiner, J.M., and Heilmann, R.M. (2022). Intestinal S100\/Calgranulin Expression in Cats with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy and Intestinal Lymphoma. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162044"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717728545","article-title":"Pattern-Recognition Receptors: Signaling Pathways and Dysregulation in Canine Chronic Enteropathies\u2014Brief Review","volume":"29","author":"Heilmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15065","article-title":"Association of Fecal Calprotectin Concentrations with Disease Severity, Response to Treatment, and Other Biomarkers in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies","volume":"32","author":"Heilmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2014.01.006","article-title":"Association between Fecal S100A12 Concentration and Histologic, Endoscopic, and Clinical Disease Severity in Dogs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"158","author":"Heilmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15123","article-title":"Serologic and Fecal Markers to Predict Response to Induction Therapy in Dogs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"32","author":"Otoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15247","article-title":"Clinical Utility of Currently Available Biomarkers in Inflammatory Enteropathies of Dogs","volume":"32","author":"Heilmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0528-0","article-title":"Inflammation-Associated S100 Proteins: New Mechanisms That Regulate Function","volume":"41","author":"Goyette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.02.023","article-title":"Phagocyte-Specific Calcium-Binding S100 Proteins as Clinical Laboratory Markers of Inflammation","volume":"344","author":"Foell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.04.003","article-title":"Mucosal Expression of S100A12 (Calgranulin C) and S100A8\/A9 (Calprotectin) and Correlation with Serum and Fecal Concentrations in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy","volume":"211","author":"Heilmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1638","article-title":"Mrp8 and Mrp14 Are Endogenous Activators of Toll-like Receptor 4, Promoting Lethal, Endotoxin-Induced Shock","volume":"13","author":"Vogl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483261","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2483261","article-title":"The Utility of Fecal Calprotectin in the Real-World Clinical Care of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2016","author":"Abej","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.5.706","article-title":"Fecal Calprotectin Concentrations in Adult Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea","volume":"74","author":"Grellet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12564","article-title":"Preanalytical Validation of an In-House Radioimmunoassay for Measuring Calprotectin in Feline Specimens","volume":"47","author":"Heilmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.03.002","article-title":"Biological Variation of Serum Canine Calprotectin Concentrations as Measured by ELISA in Healthy Dogs","volume":"247","author":"Heilmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410007971","article-title":"Normalization of Faecal Calprotectin: A Predictor of Mucosal Healing in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"39","author":"Aadland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529209011186","article-title":"Assessment of the Neutrophil Dominating Protein Calprotectin in Feces. A Methodologic Study","volume":"27","author":"Fagerhol","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Analytical and Diagnostic Performance of Two Automated Fecal Calprotectin Immunoassays for Detection of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"55","author":"Baert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.506","article-title":"A Simple Method for Assessing Intestinal Inflammation in Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"47","author":"Tibble","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.8523","article-title":"Surrogate Markers of Intestinal Inflammation Are Predictive of Relapse in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"119","author":"Tibble","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"580","article-title":"Feasibility of Measuring Fecal Calprotectin Concentrations in Dogs and Cats by the Fcal\u00ae Turbo Immunoassay. Abstract","volume":"32","author":"Truar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12588","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease versus Chronic Enteropathy in Dogs: Are They One and the Same?","volume":"57","author":"Dandrieux","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.09.011","article-title":"Development and Analytic Validation of an Immunoassay for the Quantification of Canine S100A12 in Serum and Fecal Samples and Its Biological Variability in Serum from Healthy Dogs","volume":"144","author":"Heilmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"B\u00fchlmann Laboratories AG (2023, June 27). B\u00dcHLMANN Fcal\u00ae Turbo Calprotectin Turbidimetric Assay for Professional Use: Reagent Kit. [Cited 28 May 2019]. Available online: https:\/\/www.buhlmannlabs.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/B-KCAL-RSET_CE0123_IFU_VA4_2022-02-28_EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387221114031","article-title":"Verification of the Fcal Turbo Immunoturbidimetric Assay for Measurement of the Fecal Calprotectin Concentration in Dogs and Cats","volume":"34","author":"Enderle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2318","article-title":"Regulation of S100A8 by Glucocorticoids","volume":"174","author":"Hsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15471","article-title":"Ability of Ultrasonography to Predict the Presence and Location of Histologic Lesions in the Small Intestine of Cats","volume":"33","author":"Guttin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16272","article-title":"Clinical, Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Findings Differentiating Low-Grade Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma from Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis in Cats","volume":"35","author":"Freiche","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13283","article-title":"Consistency of Faecal Scoring Using Two Canine Faecal Scoring Systems","volume":"62","author":"Cavett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2008.01.001","article-title":"Histopathological Standards for the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Endoscopic Biopsy Samples from the Dog and Cat: A Report from the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Gastrointestinal Standardization Group","volume":"138","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12636","article-title":"Fecal Markers of Inflammation, Protein Loss, and Microbial Changes in Dogs with the Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome (AHDS)","volume":"27","author":"Heilmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15942","article-title":"The Role of Faecal Calprotectin in the Identification of Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients Attending for Screening Colonoscopy","volume":"24","author":"Ross","year":"2022","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12548","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin in Predicting Significant Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Kan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16231","article-title":"Histopathologic, Phenotypic, and Molecular Criteria to Discriminate Low-Grade Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma in Cats from Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis","volume":"35","author":"Freiche","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15455","article-title":"Results of Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Clonality Testing of Small Intestinal Biopsy Specimens from Clinically Healthy Client-Owned Cats","volume":"33","author":"Marsilio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2021.110350","article-title":"Revisiting Lymphocyte Clonality Testing in Feline B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"242","author":"Welter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2021-0311","article-title":"High Levels of Fecal Calprotectin and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Colitis","volume":"16","author":"Anindita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204506","article-title":"Unrestricted Faecal Calprotectin Testing Performs Poorly in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients in Primary Care","volume":"71","author":"Conroy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.014","article-title":"AGA Technical Review on the Evaluation of Functional Diarrhea and Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults (IBS-D)","volume":"157","author":"Lytvyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.01.002","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Analysis of Intestinal Full-Thickness Biopsy Samples from Cats with Lymphoplasmacytic Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"150","author":"Marsilio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa093","article-title":"A Practical Guide for Faecal Calprotectin Measurement: Myths and Realities","volume":"15","author":"Nancey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24058","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024058","article-title":"Fecal Calprotectin as a Noninvasive Test to Predict Deep Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"100","author":"Madi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac095","article-title":"Low Fecal Calprotectin Predicts Histological Healing in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis with Endoscopic Remission and Leads to Prolonged Clinical Remission","volume":"29","author":"Kawashima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02450.x","article-title":"A Scoring Index for Disease Activity in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"17","author":"Jergens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x","article-title":"Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: Evaluation of Risk Factors for Negative Outcome","volume":"21","author":"Allenspach","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasa.2022.05.005","article-title":"Challenges in Differentiating Chronic Enteropathy from Low-Grade Gastrointestinal T-Cell Lymphoma in Cats","volume":"3","author":"Dandrieux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Small Anim. Care"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13498596","article-title":"Ultrasonographic Thickening of the Muscularis Propria in Feline Small Intestinal Small Cell T-Cell Lymphoma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"16","author":"Daniaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0457.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Muscularis Propria in Cats with Diffuse Small Intestinal Lymphoma or Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"24","author":"Zwingenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815622975","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease in Aged Cats: Clinical Features, Morphology, and Proposed Pathogeneses","volume":"53","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(89)90005-6","article-title":"Stress and Immunity: A Unifying Concept","volume":"20","author":"Griffin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.570","article-title":"Associations among Weight Loss, Stress, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Shelter Cats","volume":"240","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0732.x","article-title":"Idiopathic Cystitis in Domestic Cats\u2014Beyond the Lower Urinary Tract","volume":"25","author":"Buffington","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00216.x","article-title":"A Study of Environmental and Behavioural Factors That May Be Associated with Feline Idiopathic Cystitis","volume":"45","author":"Cameron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15590867","article-title":"Stress in Owned Cats: Behavioural Changes and Welfare Implications","volume":"18","author":"Amat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.1992.tb00084.x","article-title":"Stress and Gastrointestinal Motility in Animals: A Review of the Literature","volume":"4","author":"Enck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.1.67","article-title":"Sickness Behaviors in Response to Unusual External Events in Healthy Cats and Cats with Feline Interstitial Cystitis","volume":"238","author":"Stella","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1339","article-title":"Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Its Inflammatory Effects","volume":"87","author":"Lambert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.09.005","article-title":"Dietary and Nutritional Approaches to the Management of Chronic Enteropathy in Dogs and Cats","volume":"51","author":"Kathrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2015.1005301","article-title":"Experimental Verification of the Effects on Normal Domestic Cats by Feeding Prescription Diet for Decreasing Stress","volume":"18","author":"Miyaji","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. JAAWS"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16669399","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of an Alpha-Casozepine and L-Tryptophan Supplemented Diet on Fear and Anxiety in the Cat","volume":"19","author":"Landsberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11228","article-title":"ACE2 Links Amino Acid Malnutrition to Microbial Ecology and Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"487","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.08.028","article-title":"Increased Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"153","author":"Nikolaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21849","article-title":"Serum Analysis of Tryptophan Catabolism Pathway: Correlation with Crohn\u2019s Disease Activity","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1976.12097180","article-title":"Serum Tryptophan in Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Beeken","year":"1976","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15116","article-title":"Alterations in Serum Amino Acid Concentrations in Dogs with Protein-Losing Enteropathy","volume":"32","author":"Kathrani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.01.019","article-title":"L-Tryptophan Exhibits Therapeutic Function in a Porcine Model of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colitis","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300818","article-title":"Nicotinamide Treatment Ameliorates the Course of Experimental Colitis Mediated by Enhanced Neutrophil-Specific Antibacterial Clearance","volume":"58","author":"Bettenworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3378","article-title":"Coriolus Versicolor Suppresses Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Inhibiting the Expression of STAT1 and STAT6 Associated with IFN-\u0393 and IL-4 Expression","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/7\/419\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T07:27:38Z","timestamp":1688023658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/7\/419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci10070419"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci10070419","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["General Veterinary"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]}}} |