uni-leipzig-open-access/json/s00436-022-07701-6

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This study is the first seroepidemiological survey in different regions and types of chicken farms in Greece, using a major tachyzoite surface antigen-based ELISA (TgSAG1), combined with magnetic-capture PCR (mc-PCR) and bioassay for the isolation of strains from the chickens\u2019 tissues. Potential risk factors for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in these hosts were also investigated. Additionally, the co-existence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic> spp. infections was assessed to elucidate epidemiological links between these two protozoan infections. Overall <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence was 9.5%. Of the backyard chickens sampled, 41.2% were seropositive and 70% of the organic and free-range layer farms had at least one <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositive hen. No serologically positive broilers were found, although mc-PCR revealed a positive sample, highlighting the importance of accurate early-infection direct detection of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infections to ensure public health. <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> isolates obtained by mouse bioassay were genotyped. All belonged to type II (ToxoDB#3) as confirmed also by microsatellite typing. Production system, type of nutrition, and feeding system automation were identified as the most significant risk factors, while no association was found between the presence of cats and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositivity as calculated on both a farm level and per individual bird sampled.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07701-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T04:02:37Z","timestamp":1667016157000},"page":"97-111","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in different types of poultry in Greece, associated risk factors and co-existence with Eimeria spp."],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Andreopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gereon","family":"Schares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Koethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Chaligiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pavlo","family":"Maksimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Joeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Garance","family":"Cardron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Goroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Smaro","family":"Sotiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arwid","family":"Daugschies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Bangoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"7701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01152-10","volume":"48","author":"D Ajzenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ajzenberg D, Collinet F, Mercier A, Vignoles P, Dard\u00e9 ML (2010) Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates with 15 microsatellite markers in a single multiplex PCR assay. 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Bioassays reported in this publication were approved by the Landesamt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft, Lebensmittelsicherheit und Fischerei of the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Permit 7221.3\u20132.5\u2013001\/13) and any euthanasia was performed according to the Federation for Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA), and German regulations. All animal handlings were in accordance with welfare standards. Farmers participating in the study provided their verbal informed consent for animal blood, faecal, and heart sampling as well as for the questionnaire-related survey. The collection of samples was carried out by veterinarians adhering to the regulations and guidelines on animal husbandry and welfare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}