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The study aimed to assess the course of the anconeus branch of the radial nerve in relation to two variations of the lateral para-olecranon approach, considering iatrogenic nerve injuries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n <jats:p>The study consisted of 120 upper extremities from 60 Thiel-embalmed human specimens. Two randomized versions of the lateral para-olecranon approach (centrally orientated: P1 and laterally orientated: P2) were performed. The olecranon and the intersection points to the anconeus branch of the radial nerve were determined as anatomical landmarks. The measurements were assessed by two independent observers. Differences were analyzed using the Student\u2019s t test; associations were computed with the Pearson correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>). An alpha of 0.05 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>) and a confidence interval of 95% were set.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n <jats:p>The intersection points averaged 12.3\u00a0cm (SD 1.8, range 8.2\u201316.8) for P1 versus 5.5\u00a0cm (SD 1.4, range 3.0\u20139.2) for P2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). Statistically significantly higher values for male and longer humeral specimens were revealed (all values: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05). Comparison of left and right sides yielded no difference. Excellent inter-rater agreements were found (ICC\u2009=\u20090.902, range 0.860\u20130.921). A correlation was evaluated between the humeral length and the distances in both approaches (P1: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.550, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001, P2: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.669, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n <jats:p>The data presented here allow preservation of the anconeus branch. The P1 forms a potential advantage by owing a broader safe zone. Using the centrally orientated approach seems to provide adequate nerve protection during surgery for one of the motor branches for extension of the elbow joint and might result in improved postoperative benefits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-02141-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1666288989000},"page":"875-884","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lateral para-olecranon approach: surgical guide and anatomical considerations to the anconeus branch: is there a nerve-free zone?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-3080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Plecko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike M.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria M.","family":"Hohenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika M.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2141_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prki\u0107 A, van Bergen CJ, The B, Eygendaal D. 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All other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest and no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent\/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection to the submitted article. All Conflict of Interest Forms for authors are on file and can be viewed on request. The raw data are available in our repository.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Each investigated corpse was donated to the Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center of the Medical University of Graz, under the approval of an ongoing body donation program and according to the Austrian curial law. While alive, the body donors consented to the postmortem donation of their tissues for research and teaching purposes. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Medical University of Graz (1548\/2021). All experimental protocols and methods were carried out in accordance with the regulations and principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the ICH-GCP Guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}} |