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As climate models predict an increase in frequency and severity of such events, there is an urgent need to adapt forests in order to maintain the diverse benefits they provide. Soil processes play an essential role in this context and are key for a plethora of terrestrial ecosystem functions, but they are strongly dependent on water availability. Here, we investigated how tree species richness (TSR), composition, and identity in a 13\u2010year\u2010old temperate tree diversity experiment influenced selected ecosystem functions (as important representatives of different ecosystem processes) during the 2018 summer drought. We focused on the stability of soil microbial biomass and standard litter decomposition, as well as tree species\u2010specific mortality rates. Contrary to our expectations, TSR did not generally increase the resistance of soil functions or decrease tree mortality rates. However, the resistance of these functions was determined by tree species identity and community composition. For the resistance of both soil functions (microbial biomass and litter decomposition), we found that TSR effects depended on the presence of certain tree species. Moreover, we found that the performance of a specific tree species in monoculture, Norway spruce, was a poor predictor of its response to drought in tree species mixtures. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that the species composition of tree stands determines tree mortality and the resistance of soil functions under drought. This indicates that enhancing multiple ecosystem functions under environmental disturbance requires maintaining diverse forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.4486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T23:40:48Z","timestamp":1682552448000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tree community composition stabilizes ecosystem functions in response to drought"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1247-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Gottschall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Cesarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Auge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz\u2010Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ Halle Germany"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Kovach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Geobotany, Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3483-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles A.","family":"Nock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-6720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Eisenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2010Jena\u2010Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f8100363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0539-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-016-0937-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-020-00528-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00528-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5598\/imafungus.2014.05.01.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Aboveground\u2010Belowground Linkages: Biotic Interactions, Ecosystem Processes, and Global Change","author":"Bardgett R. 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