uni-leipzig-open-access/json/JCLI-D-22-0512.1

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T04:40:08Z","timestamp":1692420008291},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Meteorological Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Hochschul-Nachwuchsforschergruppe","award":["VH-NG-1014"]},{"name":"Helmholtz-Hochschul-Nachwuchsforschergruppe","award":["VH-NG-1014"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura ?esk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-20293J and 21-03295S"]},{"name":"Helmholtz-Hochschul-Nachwuchsforschergruppe","award":["VH-NG-1014"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ 01LP1606A"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ 01LP1606A"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018730","name":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["bd1022"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018730","name":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["bd1022"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018730","name":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["bd1022"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018730","name":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["id0853"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018730","name":"Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["id0853"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The increase of atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations changes the atmospheric temperature distribution, which in turn affects the circulation. A robust circulation response to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> forcing is the strengthening of the stratospheric Brewer\u2013Dobson circulation (BDC), with associated consequences for transport of trace gases such as ozone. Ozone is further affected by the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced stratospheric cooling via the temperature dependency of ozone chemistry. These ozone changes in turn influence stratospheric temperatures and thereby modify the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced circulation changes. In this study, we perform dedicated model simulations to quantify the modification of the circulation response to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> forcing by stratospheric ozone. Specifically, we compare simulations of the atmosphere with preindustrial and with quadrupled CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> climate conditions, in which stratospheric ozone is held fixed or is adapted to the new climate state. The results of the residual circulation and mean age of air show that ozone changes damp the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced BDC increase by up to 20%. This damping of the BDC strengthening is linked to an ozone-induced relative enhancement of the meridional temperature gradient in the lower stratosphere in summer, thereby leading to stronger stratospheric easterlies that suppress wave propagation. Additionally, we find a systematic weakening of the polar vortices in winter and spring. In the Southern Hemisphere, ozone reduces the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced delay of the final warming date by 50%.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A robust circulation response to enhanced CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is the strengthening of the equator-to-pole circulation in the stratosphere, the so-called Brewer\u2013Dobson circulation (BDC), which affects the ozone layer by tracer transport. This in turn alters stratospheric temperatures and thereby modifies the stratospheric circulation. In the present study, we perform model experiments to quantify the ozone-induced circulation changes caused by quadrupled CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations. The results show that ozone changes damp the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced BDC strengthening due to radiative effects of the redistributed ozone layer by enhanced CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. These ozone modifications lead to strengthened stratospheric easterlies in summer and decelerated westerlies in winter and spring. Moreover, the ozone changes reduce the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced delay of the polar vortex break down date in the Southern Hemisphere.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1175\/jcli-d-22-0512.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T15:08:45Z","timestamp":1676041725000},"page":"3305-3320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stratospheric Ozone Changes Damp the CO2-Induced Acceleration of the Brewer\u2013Dobson Circulation"],"prefix":"10.1175","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-9568","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonhard","family":"Hufnagl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6872-5700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roland","family":"Eichinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"},{"name":"c Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4960-2304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hella","family":"Garny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"},{"name":"b Institut f\u00fcr Meteorologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-3428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Birner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b Institut f\u00fcr Meteorologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3672-6626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Kucha\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d Institut f\u00fcr Meteorologie, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-1394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-8035","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phoebe","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Institut f\u00fcr Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}]}],"member":"12","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"J. 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