uni-leipzig-open-access/json/978-3-031-19149-7_1
2024-01-25 14:46:53 +01:00

1 line
No EOL
30 KiB
Text

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T06:40:12Z","timestamp":1673592012194},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031191480","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031191497","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19149-7_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T07:03:16Z","timestamp":1673506996000},"page":"3-34","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Intelligence and Sentencing from a Human Rights Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kaspar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Harrendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Butz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"H\u00f6ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Sommerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Christoph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17875\/gup2021-1787","volume-title":"European sourcebook of crime and criminal justice statistics \u2013 2021","author":"MF Aebi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aebi, M.F., Caneppele, S., Harrendorf, S., Hashimoto, Y.Z., Jehle, J.-M., Khan, T.S., K\u00fchn, O., Lewis, C., Molnar, L., Smit, P., \u00de\u00f3risd\u00f3ttir, R. and the ESB Network of National Correspondents (2021). European sourcebook of crime and criminal justice statistics\u20142021 (6 ed.). G\u00f6ttingen University Press: G\u00f6ttingen.","edition":"6"},{"key":"1_CR2","unstructured":"Alfaia Sampaio, E., Seixas, J.J. & Gomes, P.J. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and the judicial ruling. Themis Competition 2019, Semi-Final D, Team Portugal I. https:\/\/www.ejtn.eu\/PageFiles\/17916\/TEAM%20PORTUGAL%20I%20TH%202019%20D.pdf. Accessed 3 February 2022."},{"key":"1_CR02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alufaisan, Y., Marusich, L. R., Bakdash, J. Z., Zhou, Y. & Kantarcioglu, M. (2021). Does explainable artificial intelligence\nimprove human decision-making? In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 35(8), 6618\u20136626.\nhttps:\/\/www.ojs.aaai.org\/index.php\/AAAI\/article\/view\/16819. Accessed 20 April 2022.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i8.16819"},{"key":"1_CR3","unstructured":"Angwin, J., Larson, J., Mattu, S. & Kirchner, L. (2016). Machine bias. There\u2019s software used across the country to predict future criminals. And it\u2019s biased against blacks. https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing. Accessed 22 November 2021."},{"key":"1_CR4","first-page":"1037","volume":"88","author":"M Bagaric","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagaric, M., Hunter, D. & Stobbs, N. (2020). Erasing the bias against using artificial intelligence to predict future criminality. Algorithms are color blind and never tire. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 88, 1037\u20131082.","journal-title":"University of Cincinnati Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR5","unstructured":"Bagaric, M., Svilar, J., Bull, M., Hunter, D. and Stobbs, N. (2021). The solution to the pervasive bias and discrimination in the criminal justice. Transparent artificial intelligence. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3795911. Accessed 22 November 2021."},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogdan, S. (2020). Country Report Romania. In: Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union (Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 427\u2013453.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-427"},{"key":"1_CR7","first-page":"349","volume":"16","author":"S Bontrager","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bontrager, S., Barrick, K., & Stupi, E. (2013). Gender and sentencing. Meta-analysis of contemporary research. Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 16, 349\u2013372.","journal-title":"Journal of Gender, Race and Justice"},{"key":"1_CR8","first-page":"171","volume":"20","author":"H Botha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Botha, H. (2009). Human dignity in comparative perspective.\u00a0Stellenbosch Law Review,\u00a020, 171\u2013220.","journal-title":"Stellenbosch Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/socpro\/spaa004","volume":"68","author":"S Brayne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brayne, S. & Christin, A. (2021). Technologies of crime prediction. Reception of algorithms in policing and criminal courts. Social Problems, 68, 608\u2013624","journal-title":"Social Problems"},{"key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951715622512","volume":"3","author":"J Burrell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burrell, J. (2016). How the Machine \u2018Thinks\u2019. Understanding Opacity in Machine Learning Algorithms. Big Data & Society, 3, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"1_CR11","first-page":"241","volume":"68","author":"F Butz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Butz, F., Christoph, S., Sommerer, L., Harrendorf, S., Kaspar, J. & H\u00f6ffler, K. (2021). Automatisierte Risikoprognosen im Kontext von Bew\u00e4hrungsentscheidungen. Bew\u00e4hrungshilfe, 68, 241\u2013259.","journal-title":"Bew\u00e4hrungshilfe"},{"key":"1_CR12","unstructured":"Bygrave, L.A. (2020). Machine learning, cognitive sovereignty and data protection rights with respect to automated decisions. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3721118. Accessed 22 November 2020."},{"key":"1_CR13","first-page":"303","volume":"103","author":"AM Carlson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carlson, A.M. (2017). The need for transparency in the age of predictive sentencing algorithms. Iowa Law Review, 103, 303-329.","journal-title":"Iowa Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.36644\/mlr.115.6.racist","volume":"115","author":"A Chander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chander, A. (2017). The racist algorithm? Michigan Law Review, 115, 1023\u20131045.","journal-title":"Michigan Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR15","unstructured":"Chen, S. (2021). Chinese scientists develop AI \u2018prosecutor\u2019 that can press its own charges. South China Morning Post, 26 December 2021. https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/science\/article\/3160997\/chinese-scientists-develop-ai-prosecutor-can-press-its-own. Accessed 24 January 2022."},{"key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christin, A. (2019). Predictive algorithms and criminal sentencing. In: Bessner D and Guilhot N (eds.) The Decisionist Imagination. Sovereignty, Social Science, and Democracy in the 20th Century, Berghahn Books: New York, 272\u2013294.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvw04b7q.14"},{"key":"1_CR17","unstructured":"Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Unboxing artificial intelligence. 10 steps to protect Human Rights. Council of Europe. https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/unboxing-artificial-intelligence-10-steps-to-protect-human-rights-reco\/1680946e64. Accessed 22 November 2021."},{"key":"1_CR18","unstructured":"Committee of Experts on Internet Intermediaries (MSI-NET). (2018). Algorithms and human rights. Study on the human rights dimensions of automated data processing techniques and possible regulatory implications. Council of Europe study, DGI(2017)12. https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/algorithms-and-human-rights-study-on-the-human-rights-dimension-of-aut\/1680796d10. Accessed 3 February 2022."},{"key":"1_CR19","unstructured":"Council of Europe. (2021). EU accession to the ECHR. https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/human-rights-intergovernmental-cooperation\/accession-of-the-european-union-to-the-european-convention-on-human-rights. Accessed 24 January 2022."},{"key":"1_CR20","first-page":"331","volume":"51","author":"AB Cyphert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cyphert, A.B. (2020). Reprogramming recidivism. The First Step Act and algorithmic prediction of risk. Seton Hall Law Review, 51, 331\u2013381.","journal-title":"Seton Hall Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-019-00119-x","volume":"26","author":"J Danaher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danaher, J. (2020). Welcoming robots into the moral circle: A defence of ethical behaviourism. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 2023\u20132049.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"1_CR22","first-page":"1829","volume":"119","author":"A Deeks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deeks, A. (2019). The judicial demand for explainable artificial intelligence. Columbia Law Review, 119, 1829\u20131850.","journal-title":"Columbia Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dressel, J. & Farid, H. (2018). The accuracy, fairness, and limits of predicting recidivism. Science Advances, 4.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao5580"},{"key":"1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403415604899","volume":"28","author":"G Duwe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duwe, G. & Kim, K. (2017). Out with the old and in with the new? An empirical comparison of supervised learning algorithms to predict recidivism. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 28, 570\u2013600.","journal-title":"Criminal Justice Policy Review"},{"key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511979033.004","volume-title":"Cambridge Handbook on Human Dignity","author":"M Duwell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duwell, M. (2014). Human Dignity: Concept, Discussions, Philosophical Perspectives: Interdisciplinary Perspectives.\u00a0In:\u00a0Duwell, M., Braarvig, J., Brownsword, R. & Mieth, D. (eds.)\u00a0Cambridge Handbook on Human Dignity.\u00a0Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 23\u201350."},{"key":"1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5817\/MUJLT2019-1-2","volume":"13","author":"M Dymitruk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dymitruk, M. (2019). The right to a fair trial in automated civil proceedings. Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology, 13, 27-44.","journal-title":"Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology"},{"key":"1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610-008-9076-5","volume":"14","author":"B Elsner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elsner, B., Aebi, M.F., Aubusson de Cavarlay, B., Gillieron, G., Hakeri, H., Jehle, J.-M., Killias, M., Lewis, C., Peters, J., Roth, E., Smit, P., Sobota, P., Turkovic, K., Wade, M. & Zila, J. (2008). The Criminal Justice Approach: Case Examples. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 14, 123-132.","journal-title":"European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research"},{"key":"1_CR28","unstructured":"European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ). (2018). European Ethical Charter on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in judicial systems and their environment. https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/ethical-charter-en-for-publication-4-december-2018\/16808f699c. Accessed 22 November 2021."},{"key":"1_CR29","unstructured":"European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) (2021). Overview 1959\u20132020 ECHR. https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/Documents\/Overview_19592020_ENG.pdf. Accessed 1 February 2022."},{"key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Criminal Policy Institute (2020). Category model for the harmonisation of criminal sanctions in Europe. In Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union \u2013 Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 707\u2013742.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-707"},{"key":"1_CR31","unstructured":"Fair Trials (2020). Regulating artificial intelligence for use in criminal justice systems in the EU. Policy paper. https:\/\/www.fairtrials.org\/sites\/default\/files\/RegulatingArtificialIntelligenceforUseinCriminalJusticeSystems-FairTrials.pdf. Accessed 3 February 2022."},{"key":"1_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854820969753","volume":"48","author":"M Ghasemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghasemi, M., Anvari, D., Atapour, M., Wormith, J.S., Stockdale, K.C. & Spiteri, R.J. (2021). The application of machine learning to a general risk-need assessment instrument in the prediction of criminal recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48, 518\u2013538.","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"key":"1_CR33","first-page":"647","volume":"78","author":"SM Gipson Rankin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gipson Rankin, S.M. (2021). Technological tethered. Potential impact of untrustworthy artificial intelligence in criminal justice risk assessment instruments. Washington and Lee Law Review, 78, 647\u2013724.","journal-title":"Washington and Lee Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17104\/9783406759673","volume-title":"Europ\u00e4ische Menschenrechtskonvention","author":"C Grabenwarter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grabenwarter, C. & Pabel, K. (2021). Europ\u00e4ische Menschenrechtskonvention (7th ed.). M\u00fcnchen: C.H. Beck.","edition":"7"},{"key":"1_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5771\/1868-8098-2020-1-29","volume":"11","author":"L Greco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greco, L. (2020). Richterliche Macht ohne richterliche Verantwortung. Warum es den Roboter-Richter nicht geben darf. Rechtswissenschaft, 11, 29\u201362.","journal-title":"Rechtswissenschaft"},{"key":"1_CR36","first-page":"511","volume-title":"Krise \u2013 Kriminalit\u00e4t \u2013 Kriminologie","author":"V Grundies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grundies, V. (2016). Gleiches Recht f\u00fcr alle? \u2013 Eine empirische Analyse lokaler Unterschiede in der Sanktionspraxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In Neubacher, F. & B\u00f6gelein, N. (eds.) Krise \u2013 Kriminalit\u00e4t \u2013 Kriminologie, M\u00f6nchengladbach: Forum Verlag Godesberg, 511\u2013525."},{"key":"1_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundies, V. (2018). Regionale Unterschiede in der gerichtlichen Sanktionspraxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Eine empirische Analyse. In Hermann, D. & P\u00f6ge, A. (eds.) Kriminalsoziologie. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 295\u2013316.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783845271842-294"},{"key":"1_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1017\/glj.2020.90","volume":"21","author":"C Herz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herz, C. (2020). Striving for consistency: Why German sentencing needs reform. German Law Journal, 21, 1625\u20131648.","journal-title":"German Law Journal"},{"key":"1_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1086\/661182","volume":"40","author":"V Hinkkanen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hinkkanen, V. & Lappi-Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, T. (2011). Sentencing theory, policy, and research in the nordic countries. Crime and Justice, 40, 349\u2013404.","journal-title":"Crime and Justice"},{"key":"1_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10609-020-09411-z","volume":"32","author":"J-M Jehle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jehle, J.-M., Lewis, C., Nagtegaal, M., Palmowski, N., Pyrcak-G\u00f3rowska, M., van der Wolf M. & Zila, J. (2021). Dealing with dangerous offenders in Europe. A comparative study of provisions in England and Wales, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. Criminal Law Forum, 32, 181\u2013245.","journal-title":"Poland and Sweden. Criminal Law Forum"},{"key":"1_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaspar, J., H\u00f6ffler, K. & Harrendorf, S. (2020). Datenbanken, Online-Votings und k\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz\u2014Perspektiven evidenzbasierter Strafzumessung im Zeitalter von \u201cLegal Tech\u201d. Neue Kriminalpolitik, 32, 35\u201356.","DOI":"10.5771\/0934-9200-2020-1-35"},{"key":"1_CR42","unstructured":"Kehl, D., Guo, P. & Kessler, S. (2017). Algorithms in the criminal justice system. Assessing the use of risk assessments in sentencing. http:\/\/nrs.harvard.edu\/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33746041. Accessed 22 November 2021."},{"key":"1_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohn, B. (2021). K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz und Strafzumessung, Baden-Baden: Nomos.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748912835"},{"key":"1_CR44","unstructured":"L\u00e4nderarbeitsgruppe. (2019). Legal Tech: Herausforderungen f\u00fcr die Justiz. Abschlussbericht. https:\/\/www.schleswig-holstein.de\/DE\/Landesregierung\/II\/Minister\/Justizministerkonferenz\/Downloads\/190605_beschluesse\/TOPI_11_Abschlussbericht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1. Accessed 8 February 2022."},{"key":"1_CR45","first-page":"141","volume":"114","author":"M Langford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langford, M. (2020). Taming the digital leviathan: Automated decision-making and international human rights. American Journal of International Law Unbound, 114, 141\u2013146.","journal-title":"American Journal of International Law Unbound"},{"key":"1_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lappi\u2010Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, T. (2007). Penal policy in Scandinavia. Crime and Justice, 36, 217\u2013295.","DOI":"10.1086\/592812"},{"key":"1_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-019-09401-y","volume":"13","author":"F Lara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lara, F. & Deckers, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence as a Socratic assistant for moral enhancement. Neuroethics, 13, 275\u2013287.","journal-title":"Neuroethics"},{"key":"1_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718756684","volume":"5","author":"MK Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, M. K. (2018). Understanding perception of algorithmic decisions: Fairness, trust, and emotion in response to algorithmic management. Big Data & Society, 5, 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"1_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindner, B., Neumann, L. & Pohlmann, S. (2020). Comparative Conclusion. In Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union\u2014Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, pp. 517\u2013540.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-517"},{"key":"1_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw105","volume":"24","author":"D Lyell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lyell, D. & Coiera, E. (2017). Automation bias and verification complexity. A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 24, 423\u2013431.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"},{"key":"1_CR50","first-page":"721","volume":"15","author":"N Mavronicola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mavronicola, N. (2015). Crime, Punishment and Article 3 ECHR: Puzzles and Prospects of Applying an Absolute Right in a Penal Context. Human Rights Law Review, 15, 721\u2013743.","journal-title":"Human Rights Law Review"},{"key":"1_CR81","unstructured":"Meyer-Ladewig, J. & Nettesheim, M. (2017). Artikel 8\nEMRK. Recht auf Achtung des Privat\u2014und Familienlebens. In: Meyer-Ladewig, J., Nettesheim, M. & v. Raumer, S. (eds.) EMRK: Europ\u00e4ische Menschenrechtskonvention\u2014Handkommentar (4 ed.) Nomos: Baden-Baden."},{"key":"1_CR51","volume-title":"The Medium is the Message","author":"M McLuhan","year":"2001","unstructured":"McLuhan, M. & Fiore, Q. (2001). The Medium is the Message. An Inventory of Effects, Corte Madera: Gingki Press Inc."},{"key":"1_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell, O. (2005). A meta-analysis of race and sentencing research. Explaining the inconsistencies. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 21(4), 439\u2013466.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-005-7362-7"},{"key":"1_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieto-Mart\u00edn, A., Mu\u00f1oz de Morales Romero, M. & Rodr\u00edguez Yag\u00fce, C. (2020). Country Report Spain. In: Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union\u2014Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 149\u2013183.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-149"},{"key":"1_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Justiz und Algorithmen. \u00dcber die Schw\u00e4chen menschlicher Entscheidungsfindung und die M\u00f6glichkeiten neuer Technologien in der Rechtsprechung","author":"D Nink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nink, D. (2021). Justiz und Algorithmen. \u00dcber die Schw\u00e4chen menschlicher Entscheidungsfindung und die M\u00f6glichkeiten neuer Technologien in der Rechtsprechung. Nomos: Baden-Baden.","DOI":"10.3790\/978-3-428-58106-1"},{"key":"1_CR01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poursabzi-Sangdeh, F., Goldstein, D. G., Hofman, J. M., Vaughan, J. W. & Wallach, H. (2018). Manipulating and measuring\nmodel interpretability. In: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '21).\nAssociation for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 237, 1\u201352.","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445315"},{"key":"1_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.22197\/rbdpp.v5i3.290","volume":"5","author":"S Quattrocolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quattrocolo, S. (2019). An introduction to AI and criminal justice in Europe. Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal, 5, 1519\u20131554.","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Direito Processual Penal"},{"key":"1_CR79","unstructured":"Rainie,\nL. & Anderson, J. (2017). Code-dependent: Pros and cons of the algorithm age. https:\/\/apo.org.au\/node\/74277.\nAccessed 7 November 2022."},{"key":"1_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reiling, A.D. (2020). Courts and artificial intelligence. International Journal for Court Administration, 11, Art. 8.","DOI":"10.36745\/ijca.343"},{"key":"1_CR57","unstructured":"Rostalski, F. & V\u00f6lkening, M. (2019). Smart Sentencing. Ein neuer Ansatz f\u00fcr Transparenz richterlicher Strafzumessungsentscheidungen. Kriminalpolitische Zeitschrift, 265\u2013273."},{"key":"1_CR58","unstructured":"Ruppert, F. (2021). Strafzumessung am Scheideweg? Legal Tech und Strafzumessung, Kriminalpolitische Zeitschrift, 90\u201398."},{"key":"1_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudin, C., Wang, C. & Coker, B. (2020). The age of secrecy and unfairness in recidivism prediction. Harvard Data Science Review 2.1. https:\/\/hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu\/pub\/7z10o269\/release\/4. Accessed 22 November 2021.","DOI":"10.1162\/99608f92.6ed64b30"},{"key":"1_CR60","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence. A Modern Approach","author":"SJ Russell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Russell, S.J. & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial Intelligence. A Modern Approach (4 ed.). Pearson: Hoboken.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satzger, H. (2020). Strafzumessung in den USA. In: Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union\u2014Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 541\u2013563.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-541"},{"key":"1_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satzger, H., Lindner, B. & Pohlmann, S. (2020). Research Report. In: Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union\u2014Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 35\u201345.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-35"},{"key":"1_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1568515","volume":"22","author":"DB Shank","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shank, D.B., DeSanti, A. & Maninger, T. (2019). When are artificial intelligence versus human agents faulted for wrongdoing? Moral attributions after individual and joint decisions. Information, Communication & Society, 22, 648\u2013663.","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"key":"1_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simmons, R. (2018). Big Data, Machine Judges, and the Legitimacy of the Criminal Justice System. UC Davis Law Review, 1067\u20131118.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3156510"},{"key":"1_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Personenbezogenes Predictive Policing. Kriminalwissenschaftliche Untersuchung \u00fcber die Automatisierung der Kriminalprognose","author":"L Sommerer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sommerer, L. (2020).\u00a0Personenbezogenes Predictive Policing. Kriminalwissenschaftliche Untersuchung \u00fcber die Automatisierung der Kriminalprognose.\u00a0Baden-Baden: Nomos.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748903482"},{"key":"1_CR66","first-page":"1114","volume":"41","author":"T Sourdin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sourdin, T. (2018). Judge v robot? Artificial intelligence and judicial decision-making. UNSW Law Journal, 41, 1114\u20131133.","journal-title":"UNSW Law Journal"},{"key":"1_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12125","volume":"14","author":"C Spohn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spohn, C. (2015). Evolution of sentencing research. Criminology and Public Policy, 14, 225\u2013232.","journal-title":"Criminology and Public Policy"},{"key":"1_CR80","unstructured":"Staffler, L. & Jany, O. (2020). K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz und\nStrafrechtspflege\u2014eine Orientierung, Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik, 15, 164\u2013177."},{"key":"1_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/0731121416679371","volume":"60","author":"D Steffensmeier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steffensmeier, D., Painter-Davis, N. & Ulmer, J. (2017). Intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender, and age on criminal punishment. Sociological Perspectives, 60, 810\u2013833.","journal-title":"Sociological Perspectives"},{"key":"1_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinborn, S. (2020). L\u00e4nderbericht Polen. In: Satzger, H. (ed.) Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union\u2014Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 333\u2013377.","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748902102-333"},{"key":"1_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180120000985","volume":"30","author":"DW Tigard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tigard, D.W. (2021). Artificial moral responsibility: How we can and cannot hold machines responsible. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 30, 435\u2013447.","journal-title":"Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics"},{"key":"1_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulenaers, J. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence on the right to a fair trial. Towards a robot judge? Asian Journal of Law and Economics, 11, article number: 20200008.","DOI":"10.1515\/ajle-2020-0008"},{"key":"1_CR72","unstructured":"\u00dcnver, H.A. (2018). Artificial Intelligence, Authoritarianism and the Future of Political Systems, Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep26084. Accessed 22 November 2021."},{"key":"1_CR73","first-page":"374","volume":"31","author":"Vorhaus,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vorhaus (2002). Part One: Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Common Law World Review, 31, 374\u2013399.","journal-title":"Common Law World Review"},{"key":"1_CR03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wachter, S. & Mittelstadt, B. (2019). A right to reasonable inferences: re-thinking data protection law in the age of big data\nand AI. Columbia Business Law Review, 494\u2013620.","DOI":"10.31228\/osf.io\/mu2kf"},{"key":"1_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Han, B., Patel, B., Mohideen, F. & Rudin, C. (2020). In pursuit of interpretable, fair and accurate machine learning for criminal recidivism prediction. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.04176. Accessed 24 January 2022.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-022-09545-w"},{"key":"1_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12124","volume":"14","author":"J Wooldredge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wooldredge, J., Frank, J., Goulette, N. & Travis, L. (2015). Is the impact of cumulative disadvantage on sentencing greater for black defendants? Criminology and Public Policy, 14, 187\u2013223.","journal-title":"Criminology and Public Policy"},{"key":"1_CR76","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Big Data","author":"A Zavr\u0161nik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zavr\u0161nik, A. (2018). Algorithmic crime control. In: Zavr\u0161nik A (ed.) Big Data, Crime and Social Control, Routledge: New York, 131\u2013153."},{"key":"1_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s12027-020-00602-0","volume":"20","author":"A Zavr\u0161nik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zavr\u0161nik, A. (2020). Criminal justice, artificial intelligence systems and human rights, ERA Forum, 20, 567\u2013583.","journal-title":"ERA Forum"},{"key":"1_CR78","unstructured":"Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. (2018). Discrimination, artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/discrimination-artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-decision-making\/1680925d73. Accessed 22 November 2021."}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence, Social Harms and Human Rights","Critical Criminological Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-19149-7_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T07:06:40Z","timestamp":1673507200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-19149-7_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031191480","9783031191497"],"references-count":85,"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-19149-7_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-0604","2731-0612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"2731-0612","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}