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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:23:18Z","timestamp":1703809398329},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCHN 1116\/1-1","WE 1478\/12-1","SCHN 1116\/1-1","WE 1478\/12-1","SCHN 1116\/1-1","WE 1478\/12-1","SCHN 1116\/1-1","WE 1478\/12-1"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/S015191\/1","ES\/S015191\/1","ES\/S015191\/1","ES\/S015191\/1","ES\/S015191\/1"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-18-ORAR-0001","ANR-18-ORAR-0001"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["464.18.102","464.18.102"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Population"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper provides new evidence on inequalities in resources for children age 3\u20134 by parental education using harmonized data from six advanced industrialized countries\u2014United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Japan\u2014that represent different social welfare regime types. We analyze inequalities in two types of resources for young children\u2014family income, and center-based child care\u2014applying two alternative measures of parental education\u2014highest parental education, and maternal education. We hypothesize that inequalities in resources by parental education will be less pronounced in countries where social policies are designed to be more equalizing. The results provide partial support for this hypothesis: the influence of parental education on resources for children does vary by the social policy context, although not in all cases. We also find that the measurement of parental education matters: income disparities are smaller under a maternal-only definition whereas child care disparities are larger. Moreover, the degree of divergence between the two sets of estimates differs across countries. We provide some of the first systematic evidence about how resources for young children vary depending on parents\u2019 education and the extent to which such inequalities are buffered by social policies. We find that while early inequalities are a fact of life in all six countries, the extent of those inequalities varies considerably. Moreover, the results suggest that social policy plays a role in moderating the influence of parental education on resources for children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-023-09685-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T12:02:53Z","timestamp":1702036973000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education: Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9213-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Waldfogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah Jiyoon","family":"Kwon","sequ
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