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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T04:47:21Z","timestamp":1698295641751},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"IntechOpen","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complex and multilayered interdependence of health and security gets exceedingly obvious in conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV); however, its scientific study is exceptionally invisible. Political unrest increases incidence of gender-based violence (GBV). Rapes, including gang rapes, and forced insertion into the female genitalia of foreign bodies such as bottles, sticks, and weapons can lead to injury of the vagina and the development of traumatic vaginal fistulas (TVF). This paper aims to give structure to the particular characteristics of traumatic vaginal fistula in conflict settings and its immanent linkage to human security. The authors reviewed all papers concerning prevalence and causes of CRSV-caused TVF (CRSV-TVF) that were available on PubMed and GoogleScholar in February 2021. Findings were integrated into feminist theory on CRSV to identify the connecting linkages of security, health, and gender equality. CRSV-caused TVF illustrate well the complex interdependences of health and security: (1) insecurity leads to a higher prevalence of sexual violence; (2) sexual violence can serve as a weapon of war; (3) insecurity prolongs sufficient medical care; (4) vaginal fistula impede female empowerment and societal development. The multiple threads of their connection reveal several implications for the prevention and treatment of TVF. The reciprocal connection of CRSV and security exemplifies a vicious circle of health security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.113139","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:30:27Z","timestamp":1698226227000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Vicious Circle of Health Security: Vaginal Fistula in Conflict Settings and its Interdependency with Female Oppression"],"prefix":"10.5772","author":[{"given":"Isabella","family":"B. Metelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Busemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3774","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Health MIC. In: Williams PD, McDonald M, editors. Security Studies: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Milton: Taylor and Francis; 2018. pp. 541-555","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315228358-37"},{"key":"ref=2","unstructured":"Campaign to End Fistula. What is Fistula? 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.endfistula.org\/what-fistula. [Accessed 6 Feb 2021]"},{"key":"ref=3","unstructured":"UN General Assembly (Third Committee). Intensification of efforts to end obstetric fistula: A\/C.3\/71\/L.16\/Rev.1. 2016"},{"key":"ref=4","unstructured":"Pinel A, Bosire LK. Traumatic fistula: The case for reparations. Forced Migration Review. 2007;27:18-19"},{"key":"ref=5","unstructured":"R\u00e9seau des Femmes pour un D\u00e9veloppement Associatif, Marie Claire Omanyondo Ohambe, Jean Berkmans Bahananga Muhigwa, Barnab\u00e9 Mulyumba Wa Mamba: Women\u2019s Bodies as a Battleground: Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls During the War in the Democratic Republic of Congo: South Kivu (1996-2003); International Alert. 2004"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dossa NI, Zunzunegui MV, Hatem M, Fraser W. Fistula and other adverse reproductive health outcomes among women victims of conflict-related sexual violence: A population-based cross-sectional study. Birth. 2014;41:5-13. DOI: 10.1111\/birt.12085","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12085"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstru
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