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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T17:09:24Z","timestamp":1697735364266},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arterial stiffness is a significant determinant and evaluation of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk in the stroke population. Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) is a well-established indirect measure of arterial stiffness. We examined the association of ePWV with all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCD) mortality in the stroke population in a large sample of US adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study design was a prospective cohort study with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2014, between the ages of 18\u201385 years, with follow-up through December 31, 2019. 1,316 individuals with stroke among 58,759 participants were identified and ultimately, 879 stroke patients were included in the analysis. ePWV was calculated from a regression equation using age and mean blood pressure according to the following formula: ePWV\u2009=\u20099.587\u2009\u2212\u2009(0.402\u2009\u00d7\u2009age)\u2009+\u2009[4.560\u2009\u00d7\u20090.001\u2009\u00d7\u2009(age<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>)]\u2009\u2212\u2009[2.621\u2009\u00d7\u20090.00001\u2009\u00d7\u2009(age<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>)\u2009\u00d7\u2009MBP]\u2009+\u2009(3.176\u2009\u00d7\u20090.001\u2009\u00d7\u2009age\u2009\u00d7\u2009MBP)\u2009\u2212\u2009(1.832\u2009\u00d7\u20090.01\u2009\u00d7\u2009MBP). Survey-weighted Cox regression models were used to assess the association between ePWV and all-cause and CCD mortality risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high ePWV level group had a higher increased risk of all-cause mortality and CCD mortality compared to the low ePWV level group after fully adjusting for covariates. With an increase in ePWV of 1\u2005m\/s, the risk of all-cause and CCD mortality increased by 44%\u201357% and 47%\u201372% respectively. ePWV levels were linearly correlated with the risk of all-cause mortality (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for nonlinear\u2009=\u20090.187). With each 1\u2005m\/s increase in ePWV, the risk of all-cause mortality increased by 44% (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.69; <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.001). When ePWV was &lt;12.1\u2005m\/s, an increase in ePWV per 1\u2005m\/s was associated with a 119% (HR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.43\u20133.36; <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.001) increase in CCD mortality risk; when ePWV was \u226512.1\u2005m\/s, an increase in ePWV per 1\u2005m\/s was not associated with in CCD mortality risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ePWV is an independent risk factor for all-cause and CCD mortality in stroke patients. Higher levels of ePWV are associated with higher all-cause mortality and CCD mortality in stroke patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1140160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T05:01:56Z","timestamp":1681880516000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality in stroke population: Results from NHANES (2003\u20132014)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Huoming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affilia
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