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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T18:39:24Z","timestamp":1705775964128},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1875","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Excellence Cluster Languages of Emotion\/ EXC302"]},{"name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","award":["Az. 647070402046"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n Human mothers interact with their infants in different ways. In Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) societies, face-to-face interactions and mutual gazes are especially frequent, yet little is known about their developmental trajectories and if they differ from those of other primates. Using a cross-species developmental approach, we compared mother\u2013infant interactions in 10 dyads of urban humans from a WEIRD society (\n <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n ) and 10 dyads of captive zoo-based chimpanzees (\n <jats:italic>Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic>\n ), when infants were one, six and 12 months old. Results showed that face-to-face interactions with mutual gaze events were common in both groups throughout the infant's first year of life. The developmental trajectories of maternal and infants\u2019 looks partially differed between species, but mutual gaze events were overall longer in humans than in chimpanzees. Mutual gazes were also more frequent in humans, peaking at six months in humans, while increasing with age in chimpanzees. The duration and frequency of mutual gazes varied across contexts in both groups, with mutual gazes being longer during caring\/grooming and feeding contexts. These findings confirm that some aspects of early socio-cognitive development are shared by humans and other primates, and highlight the importance of combining developmental and cross-species approaches to better understand the evolutionary roots of parenting behaviour.\n <\/jats:p>\n <jats:p>This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \u2018Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:05:16Z","timestamp":1678061116000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Face to face interactions in chimpanzee (\n <i>Pan troglodytes<\/i>\n ) and human (\n <i>Homo sapiens<\/i>\n ) mother\u2013infant dyads"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"378","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Amici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Human Biology and Primate Cognition, Leipzig University, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Ersson-Lembeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, Comparative Developmental Psychology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Holodynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Psychology in Education, University of M\u00fcnster, Fliednerstrasse 21, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2447-8327","authenticated-orcid":t
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