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In particular, those based on colour centres in diamond have demonstrated high sensitivity to magnetic field through exploiting the field-dependent emission of fluorescence under coherent control using microwaves. Given the highly biocompatible nature of diamond, sensing from biological samples is a key interdisciplinary application. In particular, the microscopic-scale study of living systems can be possible through recording of temperature and biomagnetic field. In this work, we use such a quantum sensor to demonstrate such microscopic-scale recording of electrical activity from neurons in fragile living brain tissue. By recording weak magnetic field induced by ionic currents in mouse <jats:italic>corpus callosum<\/jats:italic> axons, we accurately recover signals from neuronal action potential propagation while demonstrating <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> pharmacology. Our sensor allows recording of the electrical activity in neural circuits, disruption of which can shed light on the mechanisms of disease emergence. Unlike existing techniques for recording activity, which can require potentially damaging direct interaction, our sensing is entirely passive and remote from the sample. Our results open a promising new avenue for the microscopic recording of neuronal signals, offering the eventual prospect of microscopic imaging of electrical activity in the living mammalian brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39539-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1690819376000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microscopic-scale magnetic recording of brain neuronal electrical activity using a diamond quantum sensor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nikolaj Winther","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James Luke","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Troise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoffer","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Tomasevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Brinza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Achard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Staacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kieschnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Thielscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hartwig Roman","family":"Siebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kirstine","family":"Berg-S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Perrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Huck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ulrik Lund","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"39539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201797397","volume":"36","author":"H Sasaguri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sasaguri, H. et al. 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Siebner has received honoraria as speaker from Sanofi Genzyme, Denmark and Novartis, Denmark, as consultant from Sanofi Genzyme, Denmark, Lophora, Denmark, and Lundbeck AS, Denmark, and as editor-in-chief (Neuroimage Clinical) and senior editor (NeuroImage) from Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and royalties as book editor from Springer Publishers, Stuttgart, Germany and from Gyldendal Publishers, Copenhagen, Denmark. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12407"}}