{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T05:53:07Z","timestamp":1674107587086},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an established tool to study fetal development in rodents. This study aimed to use micro-CT imaging to visualize the development of the urinary tract in fetal rats.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003Fetal rats from embryonic day (ED) 15, ED17, ED19, ED21, and N0 (newborn) (n\u2009=\u20096 per group; 3 males) were fixed and desiccated using the \u201ccritical point\u201d technique. We utilized the micro-CT system (SkyScan) and analyzed the resulting scans with CTAn, DataViewer, and ImageJ to visualize the morphology and quantify the volumes of kidney, bladder, adrenal gland, as well as length of the ureter.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003High-resolution micro-CT showed continuous growth of both kidneys from ED15 to N0, with the highest increase between ED19 and ED21. The length of the ureter increased from ED15 to ED21 and remained stable until birth. The volume of the bladder steadily increased from ED15 to N0.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In females, a statistically higher volume of the adrenal gland on ED21 was observed, whereas no sex-specific differences were seen for kidney, ureter, and bladder development.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Micro-CT depicts an excellent tool to study urinary tract development in the fetal and neonatal rat. It enables the metric quantification of longitudinal anatomic changes in high definition without previous destructive tissue preparation. The present study revealed sex-specific differences of the adrenal gland development and provides comprehensive data for the understanding of fetal urinary tract development, inspiring future research on congenital urological malformations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:01:57Z","timestamp":1668729717000},"page":"053-060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of the Urinary Tract in Fetal Rats: A Micro-CT Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Wille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Peukert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Haak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Endodontology, and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Kluth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jan-Hendrik","family":"Gosemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Markel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2005.11.002","article-title":"Obstructive uropathy","volume":"82","author":"A Becker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1053\/jarr.2001.26348","article-title":"Congenital obstructive uropathy: its origin and contribution to end-stage renal disease in children","volume":"8","author":"A S Woolf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Ren Replace Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S0965539509990192","article-title":"Congenital urinary bladder outlet obstruction","volume":"21","author":"M K Farrugia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fetal Matern Med Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000264300","article-title":"Outcome of urological abnormalities prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound","volume":"11","author":"G Podevin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","first-page":"777","article-title":"Human intrauterine renal growth expressed in absolute number of glomeruli assessed by the disector method and Cavalieri principle","volume":"64","author":"S A Hinchliffe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000054887.42550.14","article-title":"Podocyte differentiation and glomerulogenesis","volume":"14","author":"J A Kreidberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012074903-4\/50031-5","article-title":"Embryology and teratology","author":"C Erb","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Laboratory Rat"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19970901)279:1<54::AID-JEZ5>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"The influence of prolonged dexamethasone treatment of pregnant rats on the perinatal development of the adrenal gland of their offspring","volume":"279","author":"M Hristi\u0107","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-54-6-627","article-title":"A histophysiological study of the developing adrenal cortex of the rat during fetal and early postnatal stages","volume":"54","author":"J B Josimovich","year":"1954","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Laboratory Rat. 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