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Here, we first estimate how much local heat storage and ocean heat transport contribute to net surface energy fluxes on a seasonal scale in CMIP6 models. We then compare contributions in a base state under weak anthropogenic forcing to a near\u2010present\u2010day state in which significant Arctic amplification is simulated. Our analysis indicates that, in a few regions, ocean heat transport plays a larger role for cold\u2010season net surface energy fluxes compared with local heat storage. Analyzing differences between past and near\u2010present\u2010day conditions suggests that the lapse rate feedback, which mainly acts during the cold season in warm water inflow regions, may be more strongly influenced than previously thought by increased ocean heat transport from lower latitudes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T12:03:57Z","timestamp":1685361837000},"page":"2091-2106","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relative contributions of local heat storage and ocean heat transport to cold\u2010season Arctic Ocean surface energy fluxes in CMIP6 models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Khaled al","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Meteorology Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Salzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Meteorology Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00466.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019jc016036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL086706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ES19040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL091109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Boucher O. 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